Performance vs strength of schedule summarized: How did the Patriots perform compared to the average performance against each opponent?
Answer: On average, the Patriots were more than a touchdown better vs each opponent.
In all but 4 games (Raiders, Steelers, Jets1, and Bengals) the Patriots scored as much or more than the opponents' average points allowed. On average, the Patriots scored 3.9 points more than the opponents' average points allowed.
In all but 3 games (Raiders, Dolphins1, and Bills2) the Patriots allowed fewer than the opponents' average points scored. On average, the Patriots allowed 4.5 fewer points than the opponents' average points scored.
The total average point differential of Patriots vs each opponents' average for the season was that the Patriots averaged +8.4 point differential compared to the average opponent of all teams on their schedule.
Note that to do this correctly, you would have to remove the Patriots from each opponent's average points scored and allowed, but this would only make the difference larger in the Patriots favor.
I would post my table, but I can't seem to do it, at least on the phone. It's pretty simple: score of game, opponents average points scored for and against, subtract as appropriate, sum and average as appropriate.
